How Dog Allergies Work: The Science Behind Dog Allergies

Wellness

How Dog Allergies Work: The Science Behind Dog Allergies

Published on August 8, 2025

For many of us, the wag of a tail or a slobbery kiss is the highlight of our day. But for millions, these loving gestures can come with an unwanted side of sneezing, itching, or even asthma-like symptoms. Dog allergies are surprisingly common — and just as misunderstood.

Let’s break down what’s really happening when your body reacts to dogs and which myths you can finally stop believing.

Dog allergies

What actually causes dog allergies?

It’s not the dog’s fur — at least, not directly.

The real culprits are proteins like Can f 1 and Can f 2, which are found in a dog’s saliva, dander (dead skin flakes), urine, and oil secretions from their skin. When your pup licks itself or sheds skin and hair, these proteins become airborne and settle into your environment — on floors, furniture, even clothes.

Veterinarian Dr. Andrew Findlaytor, DVM, explains:

“It is not uncommon for allergic people to experience a broad spectrum of symptoms. If dander is inhaled, you might get cold-like symptoms, whereas if you come into contact with a dog’s saliva or oil secretions, you might get skin rashes.”

The more your dog sheds or grooms, the more allergens spread.

How does the immune system work?

How does your body go from petting a Labrador to feeling like you’re catching the flu?

“At a high level, allergic responses are driven by about half a dozen key contributors in your immune system, which work together in complex, but very cool ways to give rise to a vast range of symptoms.”
— Harvard immunologist Dr. David Zhang, PhD

Here’s the simplified version:

You come into contact with a dog allergen.
Your immune system mistakenly flags it as a threat.
It produces IgE antibodies, which stick to cells like mast cells and basophils.
The next time you’re exposed, these cells release histamines.
Histamines cause inflammation — the real reason behind your sniffles, rashes, and watery eyes.

Dr. Evan Zhao, PhD, adds:

“Upon subsequent exposure to the specific allergen… a chain reaction is triggered… These cells release different mediators, including histamines, to ‘fight’ the intruding allergens, even though there is nothing harmful to fight.”

Debunking the top myths about dog allergies

Even with solid science behind us, there are still lots of myths floating around. Let’s set the record straight:

Myth 1: “Dog fur causes allergies”
Truth: Although it is true that a dog’s fur and length influence how dog allergens propagate, remember dog allergens come from saliva, oil secretions from the skin, dander and urine. Hence, even a hairless dog can cause allergies.

Myth 2: “There are hypoallergenic breeds”
Truth: There’s no such thing as a truly hypoallergenic dog. Some breeds may shed less or produce fewer allergens, but all dogs produce Can f 1 and Can f 2 to some extent. When selecting your next furry friend, do your research about the breeds that are less likely to cause allergies.

Myth 3: “Getting rid of your dog will fix everything”
Truth: Sorry, not instantly. These allergens stick around. Dog allergens can linger in your home for months, even after your dog has left, because of their long half-life and sticky nature.

Smart ways to manage dog allergies without giving up your pup

Thankfully, managing dog allergies doesn’t mean saying goodbye to your best friend. Here’s what can help:

Create a dog-free zone: Ideally, make your bedroom a pet-free zone — to give your immune system a break. As mentioned by Dr. Andrew Findlaytor, “having a safe spot to rest is extremely important for your immune system to recharge, especially if you are having a bad allergy day.”
Groom your dog regularly: Grooming and bathing regularly reduces shedding and dander. It is ideal if this is done outdoors and by someone who is not allergic to dogs. Additionally, it is important to keep in mind not to overbathe them as this can cause irritation in the pet’s skin and consequently increase their amount of allergens released.
HEPA filters: Use HEPA filters in areas where your pet tends to hang out the most. These filters are designed to capture a high percentage of airborne particles, including pet dander, which is a common trigger.
Have an easy washable cat/dog bed: Make sure to wash this at least once per week in hot water that is at least 130°F.
Choose the right breed of dogs: Even though there is no 100% hypoallergenic breed, there are some dog breeds that produce less dander and may be a better fit.
Expose kids to pets early on: Numerous scientific studies suggest pet exposure during the first year of life is associated with lower chances of developing allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Use allergen-neutralizing sprays: Traditional allergy meds like antihistamines and nasal sprays help, but a new wave of biotech is changing the game. Pacagen’s Dog Allergen Neutralizing Spray uses a protein-based technology called WhiskerBlock Beta. These proteins bind directly to Can f 1 and Can f 2 allergens in your environment — neutralizing them before your body even reacts. It’s non-intrusive, safe, and science-backed — something many allergy sufferers have been waiting for.

Final thoughts

Dog allergies aren’t your dog’s fault and they don’t mean you’re destined to live in a pet-free world. By understanding how dog allergens work — and not falling for common myths — you can make informed choices and take real control over your symptoms.

Whether it’s simple cleaning routines, vet-approved grooming practices, or innovative allergy sprays, there are ways to live more comfortably with your canine companion.